變速箱知識(shí)普及

　　Popularization of gearbox knowledge

　　從40年代初，美國(guó)成功研制出兩擋的液力-機(jī)械變速箱以來(lái)，自動(dòng)變速箱技術(shù)得到了迅速發(fā)展。80年代，美國(guó)已將液力變速器作為轎車的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)裝備。1983年時(shí)，美國(guó)通用汽車的自動(dòng)變速箱裝車率已經(jīng)達(dá)到了94%。近些年來(lái)，由于電子技術(shù)和電子計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)的發(fā)展，自動(dòng)變速箱技術(shù)已經(jīng)達(dá)到了相當(dāng)高的水平。

　　Since the early 1940s, when the United States successfully developed a two speed hydraulic mechanical transmission, automatic transmission technology has developed rapidly. In the 1980s, the United States had made hydraulic transmissions standard equipment for sedans. In 1983, the automatic transmission installation rate of General Motors in the United States had reached 94%. In recent years, due to the development of electronic technology and computer technology, automatic transmission technology has reached a relatively high level.

　　自動(dòng)變速箱與手動(dòng)變速箱相比較而言，具有許多不可比擬的優(yōu)勢(shì)，如提高了發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)和傳動(dòng)系的使用壽命，具有良好的自動(dòng)適應(yīng)性，操縱更為方便等等。

　　Compared with manual transmissions, automatic transmissions have many incomparable advantages, such as improving the service life of the engine and transmission system, having good automatic adaptability, and being more convenient to operate.

　　在自動(dòng)變速箱內(nèi)的傳動(dòng)介質(zhì)稱為液力傳動(dòng)油，俗稱自動(dòng)變速箱油或ATF。ATF被泵輪帶動(dòng)旋轉(zhuǎn)并吸收由機(jī)械能轉(zhuǎn)換成液體能。當(dāng)油流經(jīng)漩渦時(shí)又將液體能轉(zhuǎn)換成機(jī)械能，由渦輪輸出，實(shí)現(xiàn)能量的轉(zhuǎn)換與傳遞。

　　The transmission medium in an automatic transmission is called hydraulic transmission oil, commonly known as automatic transmission oil or ATF. The ATF is driven by the pump wheel to rotate and absorb mechanical energy, which is converted into liquid energy. When oil flows through a vortex, it converts liquid energy into mechanical energy, which is output by a turbine to achieve energy conversion and transfer.

　　自動(dòng)變速箱內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，因此對(duì)自動(dòng)變速箱油的要求也是極高的。自動(dòng)變速箱油在工作時(shí)必須要滿足以下幾點(diǎn)要求。

　　The internal structure of automatic transmission is complex, so the requirements for automatic transmission oil are also extremely high. Automatic transmission fluid must meet the following requirements during operation.